Using an aluminum casting to replace an iron casting will result in reducing component weight by half. That is why auto producers are searching the areas where they may replace iron parts with aluminium parts. Most auto manufacturers prefer alloys of aluminium specially the A 300 series which have a mix of silicon + a minor amount of magnesium.

The silicon provides fluidity while casting, which allows thinner parts to be cast. The magnesium gives strength (via heat treatment). An important feature of aluminum and its alloys is that in comparison with ferrous alloys which show a unlimited fatigue strength, the fatigue strength of aluminum alloys goes down with increase in number of stress cycles this needs to be taken in account while designing its parts.

For getting high quality castings a variety of processes are followed. While casting permanent molds precautions are taken to ensure that it gets required cooling and vacuum pressure is also applied to ensure correct flow and lessen porosity. Aluminum is one of the few metals which may be cast by all processes of casting.

Die casting:

Aluminum alloys are more utilized in die casting than alloys of any metal. In USA alone 2.5 billion dollars worth aluminum alloy die castings are manufactured every year. Die casting is suitable for production of smaller parts. But when expensive manufacturing equipment is used the castings weigh 5kg-50kg. Cost effectiveness can be obtained only by large scale production. With die casting it is possible to have close tolerance and fine finishing surface. Die castings are manufactured by injecting melted metal into metal molds under considerable pressure. Quick injecting and quick solidification under high pressure make a fine grain surface, which leads to having best wear and fatigue properties. Aluminum die castings are generally not given heat treatment, so they cannot be welded.

Permanent die casting:

It is also known as gravity die casting and is suitable for large scale production. Their maximum weight is 10kg. But where heavy cost machinery and tools are used the weight of casting may go up to 50kg. Permanent mold casting have low pouring rate but metal molds solidify quickly, mechanical properties of permanent mold castings may be further bettered by heat treatment.

Sand casting:

Sand casting is casting of a mold with sand. In normal sand casting, the mold is made around a design by forcing sand mixed along with a bonding agent on the design. Then the design is taken out which leaves a cavity for casting. Melted metal is poured into the mold and after its solidification the mold is broken to remove casting. The most normal bonding agent is a mix of clay and water. Good metal handling practice is needed for getting good castings.

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Investment castings:

It normally uses plaster molds and throwaway designs of wax or other burnable materials. Plaster slurry is "invested" all round designs for many castings the designs are melted out as the plaster is baked. By these castings you can make precision parts, the aluminum parts can have walls as thin 0.40 to 0.75 mm. It is also used to make large number of parts of fine shapes which need no further machining. These parts have low mechanical properties.

I can customize everything else, but can I make my Nokia cell phone unique? The answer, I found, is that I can do so very easily with a Nokia face plate. Cell phones, to many of us, are a big part of who we are. Our friends are in the contact list, we use the phone for calls, emails, and even to surf the internet. If that is the case, then, shouldn’t we make our phones unique to us? Of course we should, and it is possible. Even though so many cell phones look exactly alike, with the use of Nokia face plates, you can make your phone unique to you.

The face plate is basically the front of your phone. A Nokia face plate offers a very easy way to change that front to show off a theme, color, or idea without putting a lot of effort into it or having to tear apart your phone too much. It is easy to change a Nokia face plate so that you can get the look you want in what is likely a very important and highly personal possession.

In this day and age, personal expression is a big deal. You want to be able to express yourself and display who you are to everyone in every aspect of your life. There was a time when you couldn’t really do that with a cell phone. That is not true anymore, though. Thanks to the easy to use Nokia face plates, you can make your phone unique. Change the ring tone to fit you then add a cool new face plate that best represents you and you are ready to go. Your phone will then not only be your planner, internet browser, contact to the world, and lifeline to your own schedule, but it will also be an representation of who you are to everyone who sees or hears it.

The other advantage to an easy to change Nokia face plate is that you can change it often. You can, if you so desire, change your Nokia face plate to reflect your mood on a given day. Face plates, as a rule, are not very expensive, so it would be easy to make sure you have plenty of them on hand. You will be able to get up in the morning, think about how you feel that day and how you want to show the world you feel and do so with a new Nokia face plate. The options are almost endless in the message you can send when you combine ring tones with face plates to make your phone a total message sending source of self-expression.


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There are a number of advantages to using alloy car wheels, but most people don't know the difference between them and standard steel ones. More and more cars are including allow wheels as their standard wheels, but why? Here, we'll take a look at some of the ways allow wheels are superior to steel ones, as well as why you might want to replace your car's wheels or make your next purchase include them.

Allow car wheels can either be cast in a mould or forged. They do not have to be welded together, which makes them naturally stronger than steel wheels (which are pressed from sheet metal and then welded, making them ugly and weaker). The forged alloy wheels are even stronger and lighter than the cast ones, but are typically more expensive. They offer very high levels of strength for less overall weight, which affects their performance in several ways. First, it takes stress off the suspension, allowing your car to more easily maintain contact with the road and therefore handle better. It also reduces the heat applied to your tires and brakes. This makes it less likely for your brakes to fail due to overheating, and will help your brakes last longer.

Alloy car wheels are also more fuel efficient, due to their lighter weight relative to steel wheels. They are very durable, and are resistant to corrosion even without a coat of paint or hubcaps. This allows them to not only have a bare metal look that some people prefer, but keeps them from wearing down as much over time. Even if they are damaged, they are easier and cheaper to repair than steel wheels because they are not welded together. They are more expensive to produce, but cheaper to maintain and last longer, as well as reducing the amount of stress on the rest of your car.

Essentially, alloy car wheels offer better handling, increased durability, more efficiency, and lower maintenance costs than steel wheels. Their only real drawback is that if they are not treated they are subject to galvanic corrosion, which can cause air leaks. However, there are relatively easy steps one can take to prevent this. Overall, alloy wheels offer all of the benefits of standard wheels and fewer of the drawbacks, and eventually pay for themselves because of the increase your car will receive in its performance and their long lives.



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